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Women in Azerbaijan nominally enjoy the same legal rights as men; however, societal discrimination was a problem.〔 Traditional social norms and lagging economic development in the country’s rural regions continued to restrict women’s roles in the economy, and there were reports that women had difficulty exercising their legal rights due to gender discrimination.〔 Universal suffrage was introduced in Azerbaijan in 1918 by the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, thus making Azerbaijan the first Muslim country ever to enfranchise women.〔Tadeusz Swietochowski. Russian Azerbaijan, 1905-1920: The Shaping of a National Identity in a Muslim Community. Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN 0521522455, 9780521522458, p.144〕 As of 2007, several women held senior government positions, including deputy speaker of parliament, several deputy ministers, and deputy chair of the Central Election Commission.〔(Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Azerbaijan (2011) ). United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2011). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.''〕 There are no legal restrictions on the participation of women in politics. As of 2015, there were 21 women in the 125-seat parliament. The percentage of female members of parliament increased from 11 to 17 percent between 2005 and 2015.〔(2015 Parliamentary Election Results ).〕 As of May 2009, women held the positions of Deputy Chairman of the Constitutional Court, Deputy Chairman of the Nakhchivan AR Cabinet of Ministers, four Deputy Ministers, an Ambassador, and Ombudsmen of Azerbaijan and Nakhchivan AR. Women constituted 4 of the 16 members of the Central Election Commission and chaired of 3 of the 125 district election commissions. There were no female ministers or heads of executive governments of cities or rayons, except for Hijran Huseynova who chairs the State Committee for Family, Women and Children Affairs and Maleyka Abbaszadeh who is the chair of the State Students Admission Commission.〔(Women in Azerbaijan Reluctantly Considered for Executive Positions ) by K.Zarbaliyeva. 16 May 2009.〕〔(Women in Azerbaijan Ranked 90th Worldwide ) by R.Orujov. 7 April 2012.〕 The State Committee for Family, Women and Children Affairs of Azerbaijan Republic is the primary government agency overlooking the activities in protection of rights of women in the country. In 2015, Natavan Gadimova was appointed Minister of Culture of the Nakhchivan AR.〔(New Female Minister in Nakhchivan ). ''Haqqin.az''. 2 September 2015.〕 During the active phase of the Nagorno-Karabakh War 2,000 of Azerbaijan's 74,000 military personnel were women, and 600 of them directly took part in the military operations.〔(First Azerbaijani Woman to Become Major General ). ''Lent.az''. 29 March 2009. Retrieved 4 October 2011.〕 Military service for women is voluntary; currently there are around 1,000 women serving in the Azerbaijani army.〔(Around 1,000 Women in Azerbaijani Army ). Trend.az. 12 August 2014.〕 Though the majority of Azerbaijani women have jobs outside the home, women are underrepresented in high-level jobs, including top business positions.〔 Women in Azerbaijan have few opportunities in the field of business. They face difficulties obtaining bank loans because the property they could potentially pledge is usually registered in the name of their male relatives. Banks do not often trust women with loans and in cases when they do, a woman's business is not perceived as serious and cannot compete on the market. In some cases, businesswomen become a target of rumours and even sexual harassment from male employees of state institutions in charge of accepting reports and documentations.〔 During 2011 female members of parliament and the head of the State Committee on Women and Children increased their activities against domestic violence. Media coverage of domestic violence issues also began to raise awareness of the problem. A 2010 law establishes a framework for investigation of domestic violence complaints, defines a process to issue restraining orders, and calls for the establishment of a shelter and rehabilitation center for victims.〔 Rape is illegal and carries a maximum 15-year prison sentence.〔 A new domestic violence law come into force in 2010, which criminalized spousal abuse, including marital rape.〔http://sgdatabase.unwomen.org/uploads/Law%20on%20Prevention%20of%20Domsetic%20Violence%202010.pdf〕〔http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/standardsetting/equality/03themes/violence-against-women/cdeg_2010_12en.pdf〕 Prostitution is an administrative offense rather than a crime and is punishable by a fine of up to $102 (88 AZN).〔 Pimps and brothel owners may be sentenced to prison for up to six years.〔 The law does not directly prohibit sexual harassment.〔 ==Timeline of women's emancipation== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Women in Azerbaijan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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